Staying Safe with Home Energy Storage

ByDesmond

The use of home energy storage systems is growing rapidly as more households invest in renewable power sources like solar panels. These battery-based systems allow homeowners to store excess solar energy for use anytime. However, the batteries and electrical components involved in energy storage can pose risks if not handled properly. Following key safety guidelines is essential for avoiding accidents and getting the most out of a home energy storage system.

Why Home Energy Storage is Gaining Popularity

Rooftop solar panel installations have surged over the past decade, with over 3 million American homes now powered by solar energy. Solar panels generate clean renewable power by converting sunlight into electricity. But a limitation of solar is that energy production depends on sunny weather. Energy storage solutions overcome this issue by capturing excess solar power during the daytime and holding it in batteries for nighttime use.

The ability to store and utilize solar energy whenever needed makes home energy storage an appealing option. These systems can lower reliance on the grid and save homeowners money on electricity bills. As energy storage technology improves and costs decline, more households are investing in integrated solar energy storage systems.

Key Benefits of Home Energy Storage

  • Uses excess solar electricity generated during daytime
  • Powers home at night with stored energy
  • Reduces electricity bills
  • Provides backup power during utility outages
  • Maximizes self-consumption of solar energy

With the benefits in mind, it’s important to also learn how to use energy storage safely.

Safety Risks and Precautions for Home Energy Systems

Modern home energy storage systems utilize lithium-ion batteries to hold energy. Lithium-ion batteries provide high efficiency and capacity in a compact package. But like all batteries, they carry potential safety hazards if misused or defective. Energy storage systems also involve complex electrical components and wiring. Improper installation or operation can endanger property and lives.

While the risks involved shouldn’t deter homeowners from adopting energy storage, they do necessitate strict safety practices. Following guidelines and best practices is key to securing the benefits while avoiding pitfalls.

Key Precautions When Using Energy Storage Safely

Proper Installation

  • Performed by trained professionals
  • Compliant with electrical codes
  • Licensed contractor approval

Safe Battery Handling

  • High quality batteries
  • Protect batteries from damage
  • Proper ventilation & temperature
  • Follow manufacturer guidelines

Fire Prevention

  • Fire-resistant battery enclosure
  • Smoke & fire detectors
  • Accessible fire extinguisher
  • Emergency protocols

System Maintenance

  • Regular upkeep by technicians
  • Software updates & monitoring
  • Battery replacement after lifespan

Safety Training

  • User training on protocols
  • Emergency shutdown procedures
  • Monitoring system indicators
  • Response to alerts & issues

Let’s look at these precautions and safety measures in more detail.

Professional Installation is Critical

Improper installation of home energy storage poses serious safety issues and can permanently damage the system. Lack of compliance with codes and standards can even lead to legal problems. That’s why installation should always be performed by qualified solar and electrical technicians, not as a DIY project.

There are several risks if energy storage systems are installed incorrectly:

  • Fire hazards – Faulty wiring can overheat and ignite fires.
  • Electrocution – Improper grounding and loose connections can result in lethal electric shocks.
  • Property damage – Flawed installation can damage wiring and render the system inoperable.
  • Non-compliance – Failure to meet building codes may violate local regulations.
  • Lack of permitting – Some areas require permits and inspector approval before operation.

To avoid these pitfalls, homeowners should hire professional solar contractors to install new energy storage systems. Reputable installers have intensive training, with many holding advanced NABCEP certification. Their expertise includes:

  • Evaluating home electrical layout and loads
  • Designing an appropriately-sized system
  • Integration with solar power system
  • Securing necessary permits and approvals
  • Physical installation using best practices
  • Testing and commissioning the system

Safe Handling Practices for Batteries

The rechargeable lithium-ion batteries used in home energy storage provide incredible capability for their compact size. But like any battery, they carry some inherent hazards if misused or damaged. Following prudent safety steps when operating energy storage batteries is strongly advised.

Use High-Quality Batteries

Many reported safety issues have involved low-cost lithium-ion batteries from less reputable suppliers. The best way to avoid problems is purchasing high-quality batteries from leading manufacturers such as Tesla, LG Chem, Panasonic or Samsung. Reputable brands design batteries with multiple internal safeguards, protective housings and advanced controllers.

Protect Batteries from Damage

Lithium-ion batteries contain flammable electrolytes. Physical damage that punctures the outer casing can expose the flammable liquid and cause fires. Homeowners should take these precautions:

  • Avoid dropping, denting or piercing batteries
  • Keep batteries away from blunt force impacts
  • Ensure enclosures protect from external compression

Maintain Proper Temperature and Ventilation

Battery performance and lifespan degrades if operating temperature is too hot or cold. Proper ventilation helps regulate temperature. Home storage systems should be kept away from heat sources and vents must not be obstructed. Most new systems have integrated cooling systems to prevent overheating.

Follow Charging/Discharging Guidelines

Battery manufacturers provide usage guidelines related to:

  • Charging and discharging rates
  • Allowable temperature range
  • Cycles between full charge and discharge

Following these guidelines maximizes battery lifespan and safety. Overcharging and excessive discharge can damage batteries. Built-in battery management systems help automatically control charging and discharging within safe parameters.

Fire Prevention Tips

With the right safety design choices, lithium-ion batteries present low fire risk. However, it’s prudent to take steps that reduce the likelihood of fires, contain any incidents, and protect occupants.

Use a Non-Combustible Battery Enclosure

Energy storage batteries should be enclosed in a non-combustible casing, usually steel or thick aluminum. This acts as a barrier if the battery is damaged. The enclosure vents hot gases and electrolytes outward through relief valves. Enclosure designs prevent fire spreading.

Install Smoke/Fire Detectors and Extinguishers

Having smoke detectors in the vicinity of the energy storage system provides early warning of any battery heating or fire event. Keeping a fully-charged fire extinguisher accessible allows for rapid response to contain incidents. ABC-type extinguishers designed for electrical fires are most suitable.

Emergency Protocols

Homeowners should have emergency plans for safely evacuating and contacting emergency services in the event of a fire or other serious incident related to the energy storage system. All family members should understand how and when to disconnect the system at the AC and DC junction as part of the fire response protocol. Calling 911 is advised even for small fires that have been extinguished, so fire crews can inspect for damage.

Maintaining Energy Storage Systems

To keep home energy storage systems operating safely and efficiently for many years, regular maintenance is advised. Most manufacturers recommend professional inspection and servicing at least once per year. Trained solar technicians can perform the following maintenance practices:

  • Diagnostic tests to identify any faults or underperformance
  • Checking for damage and replacing any worn components
  • Updating firmware and software
  • Checking security of electrical connections
  • Cleaning filters and ventilation intakes
  • Recalibrating batteries and controllers

Lithium-ion batteries have a finite lifespan and begin losing storage capacity after around 5-10 years, depending on use. Replacing expired batteries is important. Technicians can install new batteries compatible with the system and recycle old batteries responsibly.

Some monitoring systems allow real-time tracking of system performance and alerts for any detected issues. This allows problems to be addressed proactively between maintenance sessions.

User Training for Safe Operation

While professional installation and maintenance is critical, homeowners also need basic training to use their energy storage systems safely on a daily basis. Reputable installers will provide safety information along with general system operation guidelines.

Key areas for user safety training:

  • How to manually power down the system quickly if needed
  • Indicator meanings and how to respond to alerts
  • Precautions when working near the system
  • Proper cleaning of system components
  • When to call technicians for repairs

Additional safety resources are available from battery and solar equipment manufacturers, along with online training courses for lithium-ion battery safety.

Staying informed enables homeowners to be an active participant in safe storage system operation. Unusual behaviors, smells or sounds should be checked by calling an installation company promptly.

Conclusion

Harnessing energy storage enables households to make the most of their solar panel investment while saving money. But the electrical and battery components involved also introduce an element of risk that requires cautious operation. Fortunately, the majority of home energy storage systems have excellent safety records when installed and maintained properly.

By selecting high-quality equipment, having professionals handle installation and repairs, taking sensible precautions, and staying informed, homeowners can manage the risks successfully. Following the latest safety guidelines allows families to embrace the benefits of solar energy storage worry-free.

Co-founder of ecobilt energy and our main content creator, is a lifelong advocate for clean energy. He's on a mission to make solar and wind energy accessible to all. When he's not writing, you'll find him experimenting with green tech in his backyard.